battle of thymbra

The increasing Persian power alarmed King Croesus of Lydia in Asia Minor, who appealed for assistance to Egypt, Babylon, and Sparta.

There were also 300 camel cavalry, 300 chariots, and 5-6 siege towers, which were known to hold 20 men each. The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire.

Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? The City fell after a fourteen-day siege of Sardis, reportedly due to the Lydian failure to garrison a part of the wall which they thought unsusceptible to attack from the steepness of the adjacent declivity of the ground. At the scent of the approaching camels, the Lydian horses bolted. Cyrus then gave the order to attack, his flank units smashing into Croesus' disorganized wings. Croesus opened the battle by sending his cavalry to envelop the Persian square.

Cyaxares was the third and most capable king of Media, according to Herodotus, with a far greater military reputation than his father Phraortes or grandfather Deioces. Cyrus also knew that Croesus’s allies would not be able to reinforce him for at least several months. Cyrus then gave the order to attack, his flank units smashing into Croesus' disorganized wings. Pactyes was the Lydian put in charge of civil administration and gathering Croesus's gold when Lydia was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia around 546 BC: The Amyrgians were the Scythian tribe in closest proximity to Bactria and Sogdiana. next day. Croesus still had reason for optimism, however. The Ionian Revolt, and associated revolts in Aeolis, Doris, Cyprus and Caria, were military rebellions by several Greek regions of Asia Minor against Persian rule, lasting from 499 BC to 493 BC. This created gaps in the Lydian line, and Cyrus sent against them cavalry men mounted on camels. It was the opening act of the Greco-Persian Wars, which would ultimately last for 50 years. The two sides fought an inconclusive winter battle near Pteria. This amounted to 300,000 men which included 60,000 cavalry.

As the Lydian flanks swung in, gaps appeared at the hinges of the wheeling wings. there and capture a portion of the wall as well as Croesus. The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. was the decisive act in Cyrus the Great's overthrow of Croesus, king of Lydia, which in turn led to his subjugation of Asia Minor, and thus brought the Persians in contact with the Greeks—with mo mentous consequences to both.

His forces were significantly larger than those of Cyrus, which numbered perhaps 20,000 to 50,000 men. (2005).

Meanwhile, archers in the great Persian square launched volleys of arrows at the Lydian line, further breaking it apart. All except the archers and slingers are known to have carried small to large shields. Not long after, the Lydian cavalry lost many soldiers and were forced to retreat.

Along with acquiring Ionia and Aeolis, Cyrus also had the Egyptian soldiers, who fought on behalf of the Lydians, voluntarily surrender and join Cyrus' army.

Most of the infantry soon surrender but Croesus and a small part of the infantry retreated and headed for the Lydian capital of Sardis, thus a decisive victory for the Persians. Herodotus gives an account of the battle but does not give any numbers. Its population spoke an Indo-European language part of the Anatolian languages family known as Lydian. There were also 120,000 Egyptians, plus 300 chariots, which may have been at least 500 men.

Grant, R.G. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. Battle: a Visual Journey Through 5000 Years of Combat, DK Publishing London, Campbell, Alexander (1830). In the Siege of Sardis , the last decisive conflict after the Battle of Thymbra, which was fought between the forces of Croesus of Lydia and Cyrus the Great, Cyrus followed Croesus to his city. For a start, Bill Banks does not include Missile towers. The others were: 42,000 Arabians; Armenians; and Medians, which amounted to 126,000 infantry.

For he had Babylon on his hands and the Bactrian nation and the Sacae and Egyptians; he was minded to lead an army himself against these and to send another commander against the Ionians. Ruling as Cyrus II and known as Cyrus the Great, he became one of the most important of Persian rulers. THYMBRA 547BC - RISE OF PERSIA BACKGROUND : Western Asia mid 6th century BC.On the ashes of the assyrian empire of mesopotamia four powers dominate west asia and the middle east.In asia minor the Lydian kingdom,had been a small-time power but the discovery of gold and silver mines had changed everything. Cyrus, having pursued Croesus into Lydia following the drawn Battle of Pteria, met the remains of Croesus' partly disbanded army in battle on the plain north of Sardis in December, 547 BC. To install click the Add extension button. Battle of Thymbra. IX, History of democracy in Achaemenid Empire, 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски. Camel cavalry, or camelry, is a generic designation for armed forces using camels as a means of transportation. Cyrus, having pursued Croesus into Lydia following the drawn Battle of Pteria, met the remains of Croesus' partly disbanded army in battle on the plain north of Sardis in December, 547 BC. The Babylonians took over the southern part of the empire, while the Medes ruled the north. [10] The Babylonian Nabonidus Chronicle apparently contradicts that, reporting that Cyrus defeated and killed the king, however, the identity of the Lydian king is unclear.

The Lydians marched out to meet Cyrus and quickly armed all the reserves there, before their allies were to arrive, which they never did. [8] Croesus was captured, and his territory, including the Greek cities of Ionia and Aeolis, was incorporated into Cyrus' already powerful empire: a development which brought Greece and Persia into conflict, culminating in the celebrated Persian wars of Cyrus' successors. [2] Cyrus's plan was to catch the Lydian king unprepared for battle, but at Thymbra Croesus had more than twice as many men as Cyrus. Strangely enough, there Artaphernes, flourished circa 513–492 BC, was a brother of the Achaemenid king of Persia, Darius I, satrap of Lydia from the capital of Sardis, and a Persian general. Cyrus deployed his army in a large square, holding back his chariots and cavalry on the flanks, while Croesus deployed his forces in the traditional long ranks. They were named for their king Amorges. The mission was a debacle, and sensing his imminent removal as tyrant, Aristagoras chose to incite the whole of Ionia into rebellion against the Persian king Darius the Great. Approximate location of the Battle of Thymbra, ✪ Cyrus the Great: "The First Persian" Part II: The Battle of Thymbra, ✪ Symposion b: The Five Great Battles of Antiquity Complete, ✪ The Battle of Himera (The Histories of Herodotus Excerpt), The Battle of Thymbra took place below the citadel of Sardis (center), in which the lydian then retreated for the. It all amounted to 1,000+ men, partly because there was one citizen, and one soldier on each chariot. He went on to take the Medean capital of Ecbatana in 550–549 and then spent several years consolidating his authority, winning over many former enemies by giving them positions of authority in the army and the government. The Millennial Harbinger, Vol. The Babylonians took over the southern part of the empire, while the Medes ruled the north. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960. THYMBRA, BATTLE OF. We have created a browser extension. [9] According to the Greek author Herodotus, Cyrus treated Croesus well and with respect after the battle.

Xenophon tells us that Croesus had an army of 420,000 men,[5][page needed] which was composed of 60,000 Babylonians, Lydians, and Phrygians, also Cappadocians, plus nations of the Hellespont. The scenario deployment is based on the animated overview of the battle rather than Bill Banks Ancients - both are similar but the units are a bit different from Bill Bank's. Cyrus conquered the Kingdom of Media in 550 BCE, which created conflict with the neighboring Kingdom of Lydia. Cyrus’s advisers urged him to return home with his army as well and resume combat in the spring. He laid siege to it for 14 days, and then captured it.

The Medes also extended their control west to the borders of Asia Minor and east to Afghanistan. Xenophon. In 612 BCE a coalition of Medes, Babylonians, and Scythians destroyed the city of Nineveh, ending the Assyrian Empire.

The numbers of the battle given by Xenophon, even if untrue, are considered within the realm of possibility, but less than half may have engaged in the actual battle.

[2] Cyrus's plan was to catch the Lydian king unprepared for battle, but at Thymbra Croesus had more than twice as many men as Cyrus. His account of the battle's progress and outcome, however, confirms that which Xenophon gives later. Around 553 BCE Cyrus, son of Medean king Astyages, took up arms against his father.

Cyrus rejected what seemed to be wise counsel and decided to fight while Croesus was bereft of the mercenaries. [6] The flanks were covered by chariots, cavalry, and infantry. He was the first to divide his troops into separate sections of spearmen, archers, and horsemen. [10] The Babylonian Nabonidus Chronicle apparently contradicts that, reporting that Cyrus defeated and killed the king, however, the identity of the Lydian king is unclear.[11]. His army moved west along the frontier between Medea and Babylonia, crossing the Tigris River at Arbela.

Battle of Thymbra.

Mazares was a Median general who defected to Cyrus the Great when the latter overthrew his grandfather, Astyages and formed the Persian Empire. In early 546 the two armies came together on the Plain of Thymbra just outside of Sardis. IX, History of democracy in Achaemenid Empire, 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire. Not until Cyrus had arrived with his army before Sardis did Croesus realize what had happened. Even though Croesus' army was reinforced with many new men, Cyrus utterly defeated it, despite being outnumbered more or less 2:1. Incomplete. The victory cut off Babylonia from an important military ally and thus helped Cyrus to defeat the new Babylonian Empire in 539.

This proved decisive, and after the 14-day Siege of Sardis, the city and possibly its king fell, and Lydia was conquered by the Persians. The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. Medea was then the area of present-day northwestern Iran south of the Caspian Sea and into Armenia. Lydia was an Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak, Manisa and inland İzmir. That's it. You can help the Age of Empires Online Wiki by filling in the quest info (dialog, rewards, etc) from the pictures. The ensuing civil war went on for four years, but in 550 Cyrus won the Battle of Pasargadai in which he captured the Persian capital. Although not a fully impartial record, it remains one of the West's most important sources regarding these affairs.

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